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Specialist police units
how to get in, and what they pay

Tactical teams, dog squads, water police and forensics are why many people join. Here's what each force publishes about getting into its specialist units, how long you'll spend in general duties first, and the allowances they pay.

Updated 10 October 2026 14 min read Sources checked 10 October 2026 Independent, not advice

The short answer

Specialist units such as tactical, dog, water police, highway patrol, forensics and cyber crime recruit from serving officers, not the public. You first work general duties, typically for 2 to 3 years (2 in Victoria, Tasmania and the AFP's tactical and canine roles; 3 in Queensland), then apply for internal vacancies and pass a selection process. Many units pay extra allowances.

General duties first

2–3 years

where forces publish a rule

NSW TOU allowance

$19,820

a year at Level 3

Vic Disturbance Allowance 2

$18,194

SOG, covert, surveillance

WA TRG allowance

10%

of base salary

Contents +
  1. 1How specialist careers work
  2. 2Service needed before applying
  3. 3Tactical units
  4. 4Tactical fitness standards
  5. 5Dog, water and road policing
  6. 6Forensics, cyber and counter-terrorism
  7. 7Specialist allowances
  8. 8Tasmania's specialist levels
  9. 9Pros and cons
  10. 10How to prepare
  11. 11What isn't published
  12. 12FAQs
  13. 13Sources

How do you get into a specialist police unit?

Join, serve in general duties, then compete for a place.

No Australian force recruits the public straight into its tactical, dog, water, forensic or cyber units. Everyone joins as a recruit, graduates as a constable and works general duties first. Specialist vacancies are then advertised internally and filled on merit, often through a selection course.

Entry point

Constable

all units recruit internally

Typical wait

2–3 years

general duties first

Selection

Competitive

fitness, psych and interviews

Forces publish surprisingly little about how individual units select officers. Victoria, Tasmania and the AFP are the most open. For most units in NSW, Queensland, WA, SA and the NT, the published information covers what the unit does, not how to get in. Where nothing is published, we say so.

If you're still deciding which force to join

The larger forces (NSW, Victoria, Queensland) run more specialist units than the smaller ones, so it's worth checking which units a force has before you join. Our force profiles compare them.

How much service do you need before applying?

Here's what each force publishes about the general duties time needed before you can apply for a specialist role.

Minimum general duties before specialist roles

Victoria Police

Rule before applying
2 to 4 years of general duties, depending on the unit
Source
Official specialist areas page

Tasmania Police

Rule before applying
At least 2 years of general duties
Source
Official specialist positions page

QPS

Rule before applying
3 years of general duties, then internal merit-based vacancies
Source
Official FAQ (search summary)

AFP

Rule before applying
2 years as a police officer or PSO for tactical and canine roles
Source
Official role pages

SAPOL

Rule before applying
Probation finished and permanently appointed; selection on merit
Source
Official FAQ (search summary)

NT Police

Rule before applying
12 months in frontline general duties (stated for transferees)
Source
Official ARP page (search summary)

WA Police

Rule before applying
Not published; units recruit 'experienced' frontline officers
Source
Official careers page

NSW Police

Rule before applying
Not published officially; further physical and psychometric testing for most commands
Source
Official page (search summary)

NSW search summaries also mention eligibility from Senior Constable rank for some units; we couldn't confirm this on an official page.

The minimum is only the starting point. Selection panels look for officers who've shown the skills the unit needs: good driving records for highway patrol, calm decision-making for tactical teams, careful scene work for forensics. Use your general duties years to build that record.

Tactical units in every force

Every force has a full-time or part-time tactical unit for sieges, high-risk arrests and counter-terrorism. They're the hardest specialist units to get into.

Police tactical units and their entry rules

NSW

Unit
Tactical Operations Unit (TOU)
What's published about entry
No published minimum service or selection course

Victoria

Unit
Special Operations Group (SOG)
What's published about entry
At least 2 years on the road; a 13-week program including psychological, job-based physical and mechanical-reasoning tests (Victoria Police podcast)

Victoria

Unit
Critical Incident Response Team (CIRT)
What's published about entry
2 years of general duties plus an elite level of fitness

Queensland

Unit
Special Emergency Response Team (SERT)
What's published about entry
Vetting and psych testing, a 14-day pre-selection, then a 14-week course (QPS museum article, 2023)

WA

Unit
Tactical Response Group (TRG)
What's published about entry
A rigorous selection course; no length or standard published

SA

Unit
STAR Group
What's published about entry
Above-average performance in all major skills; selection course details not published

Tasmania

Unit
Special Operations Group (SOG)
What's published about entry
2 years of general duties; full-time since August 2024 (secondary sources)

NT

Unit
Territory Response Group (TRG)
What's published about entry
Nothing official published

AFP

Unit
Specialist Response Group (Tactical Response Operator)
What's published about entry
2 years as police or PSO; a published fitness battery (below)

Victoria's SOG detail comes from an official Victoria Police podcast; Queensland's from an official museum article. Neither is a formal recruitment rule. An NT TRG fitness trial described on a third-party fitness site is not shown because we couldn't confirm it.

Victoria's SOG says neither military experience nor CIRT service is required, which surprises many applicants. Tasmania's SOG became full-time in August 2024, according to secondary sources. In NSW, Tactical Operations Unit officers are paid an allowance of $7,928 to $19,820 a year depending on level.

What fitness do tactical units need?

Only the AFP publishes a full tactical fitness battery. It gives a good idea of the standard every tactical unit expects, well beyond recruit entry tests.

AFP Tactical Response Operator fitness tests

  • ✓ 3 chin-ups wearing a 17 kg vest.
  • ✓ Drag an 80 kg dummy 80 metres in the vest.
  • ✓ Three flights of stairs and a 30 m leopard crawl in full kit.
  • ✓ Tread water for 10 minutes in clothes, then swim 400 m.
  • ✓ A 10 km pack march carrying 25 kg plus water and a rifle.

Victoria's CIRT asks for an "elite level of fitness" without numbers. Victoria's SOG program includes job-based physical tests, and Queensland's SERT pre-selection runs for 14 days. Compare that with recruit entry, where the beep test target is between level 5 and 7 in most forces.

Recruit fitness gets you in the door. Tactical selection is a different sport: strength under load, swimming and endurance with kit.

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Dog squads, water police and highway patrol

These are some of the most popular specialist roles, and also among the least documented. Here's what's published.

Dog, water and road policing entry rules

Dog units

What forces publish
Vic Dog Squad: 2 years GD. Tas Dog Handlers Squad: 2 years GD, highly competitive. AFP Canine Handler: 2 years as police or PSO. NSW Dog Unit, QPS Dog Squad, WA Canine Section, SAPOL Dog Operations, NT Dog Operations: no unit rule published.

Water police and marine

What forces publish
Vic Water Police Squad: 2 years GD; Vic Search and Rescue: 2 years, below Sergeant, with a recreational diving certificate. Tas Marine and Rescue Services: 2 years GD. NSW Marine Area Command, QPS Water Police, WA Water Police, NT Water Police: no rule published.

Highway patrol and road policing

What forces publish
Vic Road Policing Drug and Alcohol Section: open from Constable upwards. WA probationers can work with the breath and drug operations unit. NSW Highway Patrol, QPS Road Policing, NT Traffic and Major Crash: no entry rule published.

GD = general duties. 'No rule published' means we found the unit described officially, but no entry requirements.

Dog handling is a long commitment: the NT pays its dog handlers an allowance that, by our reading of the agreement, covers time off duty caring for the dog. In Queensland, dog handlers receive an allowance of 12% of the Senior Constable 2.5 rate. NSW pays highway patrol officers a Grade 1 Special Duties Allowance of $1,602 a year after six months.

Forensics, cyber crime and counter-terrorism

Investigative specialist units tend to value qualifications and detective experience more than fitness.

Forensic, cyber and counter-terrorism entry rules

Forensics and crime scene

What forces publish
Vic Crime Scene Group: entry at Senior Constable, no detective qualification needed. Tas Crime Scene Officers: 2 years GD. WA forensic investigators usually build skills in general policing and detective work. NSW, QPS, SAPOL, NT: no entry rule published.

Cyber crime

What forces publish
NSW Cybercrime Squad: almost all investigators are designated detectives (NSW Parliament, 2021). Vic Cybercrime Squad: open to police and public servants. Others: no officer entry rule published.

Counter-terrorism

What forces publish
Joint Counter Terrorism Teams in each state and territory combine AFP officers, state police and partner agencies. No force publishes how officers join one.

Forensic roles can pay well once you're qualified. NSW pays a Forensic Services expert allowance of $23,248 a year, and WA pays a forensic qualifications allowance of 10% of base salary to officers with a diploma or higher, 4 years' forensic experience, who give expert evidence. Many forensic and cyber roles also employ civilians, so check whether the role you want is sworn.

If investigations appeal, read our guide to becoming a detective, which covers designation and detective allowances.

What do specialist units pay?

Specialist allowances are paid on top of salary and vary widely. These are the rates in each force's current agreement or award.

Specialist allowances by force

NSW

Unit or allowance
Tactical Operations Unit
Rate
$7,928 (Level 1) to $19,820 (Level 3) a year

NSW

Unit or allowance
Special Duties Allowance Grade 1 (e.g. Highway Patrol)
Rate
$1,602 a year after 6 months

NSW

Unit or allowance
Grade 3 (e.g. crime scene, surveillance, negotiators, crash investigators)
Rate
$4,004 rising to $5,617 after 5 years

NSW

Unit or allowance
Grade 4 (e.g. divers, cybercrime Advanced Capability Unit)
Rate
$6,798 rising to $10,400 after 5 years

NSW

Unit or allowance
Forensic Services expert allowance
Rate
$23,248 a year

Victoria

Unit or allowance
Disturbance Allowance 2 (e.g. SOG, covert, surveillance, undercover)
Rate
$18,194 a year (Operational Readiness rate)

Victoria

Unit or allowance
Disturbance Allowance 1
Rate
$9,705 a year (Operational Readiness rate)

Queensland

Unit or allowance
SERT allowance
Rate
$0 a year (from 1 July 2026, QPS official rate)

Queensland

Unit or allowance
Dog handler allowance (12% of Senior Constable 2.5)
Rate
$12,687 a year (from 1 July 2026, QPS official rate)

Queensland

Unit or allowance
PolAir tactical flight officers
Rate
$0 a year (from 1 July 2026, QPS official rate)

Queensland

Unit or allowance
Rural and Stock Crime Squad
Rate
41%, all-inclusive

WA

Unit or allowance
Tactical Response Group
Rate
10% of base salary (about $12,456 at the top of Senior Constable calc)

WA

Unit or allowance
Forensic qualifications allowance
Rate
10% of base salary (diploma, expert evidence and 4 years' forensic experience)

SA

Unit or allowance
STAR Group and Water Operations
Rate
$1,526 a year (from 1 January 2024), plus the 18.5% Flexible Shiftwork Allowance for listed areas

Tasmania

Unit or allowance
Special Operations Group shift and penalty allowance
Rate
26% of normal salary a year

Tasmania

Unit or allowance
Specialist Allowance Levels 1–5
Rate
L1 FT $671 rising to $1,007 after 2 years (secondary $904 to $1,242); L2 FT $1,342 to $2,013 (secondary $1,753 to $2,421); L3 FT $2,684 to $3,355 (secondary $3,326 to $3,880); L4 FT $4,026 to $4,698 (secondary $4,845 to $5,515); L5 (SOG) $6,538 to $7,209; a year

NT

Unit or allowance
Territory Response Group
Rate
5% of top Senior Constable First Class salary (7 weeks leave table) a year

NT

Unit or allowance
Dog handlers
Rate
12% of the hourly rate of a top-increment Senior Constable

AFP

Unit or allowance
Rapid Deployment Allowance
Rate
$10,000 a year for roles that must be ready to deploy

Queensland's figures are QPS's official CPI Uplift Adjustment (CUA) rates from 1 July 2026. SA's rates are the last in the 2021 agreement; increases after January 2024 aren't confirmed. 'calc' marks our calculation from the published percentage.

Some of these replace other pay. SA's Flexible Shiftwork Allowance is paid instead of shift and weekend penalties, and Tasmania's SOG allowance is in lieu of shift and penalties. Queensland's Rural and Stock Crime Squad rate is described as all-inclusive. Compare total pay, not just the allowance.

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Tasmania's specialist allowance: which roles pay what

Tasmania's 2026 award is unusually clear about which specialist roles attract which allowance, so it's a useful map of how forces value different specialist skills. The allowance has five levels and rises after two years in the role. The award sets a full-time (FT) rate and a separate 'secondary' rate for most levels.

Tasmania Police Specialist Allowance (non-forensic), Police Award 2026

Level 1

Roles
crash investigators, POMT, bomb scene examiners
Rate (full-time; secondary in brackets)
L1 FT $671 rising to $1,007 after 2 years (secondary $904 to $1,242)

Level 2

Roles
advanced crash, dignitary protection, PTU, SOG support, OSIs
Rate (full-time; secondary in brackets)
L2 FT $1,342 to $2,013 (secondary $1,753 to $2,421)

Level 3

Roles
drone pilots, negotiators, bomb response, search and rescue, crash analysts
Rate (full-time; secondary in brackets)
L3 FT $2,684 to $3,355 (secondary $3,326 to $3,880)

Level 4

Roles
SAR mission controllers, senior drone pilots, surveillance
Rate (full-time; secondary in brackets)
L4 FT $4,026 to $4,698 (secondary $4,845 to $5,515)

Level 5

Roles
SOG
Rate (full-time; secondary in brackets)
L5 (SOG) $6,538 to $7,209

FT = full-time. Rates are annual and rise after 2 years. SOG team leader +$671. Not cumulative. Forensic Services has its own four-level allowance.

The pattern is familiar from other forces. Tactical work sits at the top, followed by surveillance, search and rescue control and drone work, then negotiators and bomb response, with crash investigation and protection roles at the lower levels. Tasmania also pays SOG and surveillance members not on a 24-hour roster a shift and penalty allowance of 26% of salary, in place of normal shift penalties.

If you're weighing up Tasmania, remember its specialist roles all need at least 2 years of general duties, and the force is small, so vacancies are limited. Our Tasmania joining guide covers recruitment and the academy.

Is a specialist career worth the wait?

For many officers, a specialist unit is the reason they stay in policing. But it's competitive, and the first years in general duties are non-negotiable.

Works in your favour

  • ✓Allowances worth thousands a year in many units
  • ✓Advanced training and qualifications
  • ✓Focused, skilled work with a close team
  • ✓Recognition of specialist skill through allowances and qualifications

Watch out for

  • ✕Years of general duties first, with no guarantee of selection
  • ✕Tactical selection is physically and mentally brutal
  • ✕On-call and recall demands in many units
  • ✕Some allowances replace shift penalties or overtime

How to prepare for a specialist career

You can start preparing before you join, and you should keep preparing through general duties.

  1. 1

    Join the right force

    Larger forces run more specialist units. Our force quiz can help you choose.

  2. 2

    Excel in general duties

    Clean briefs, good driving, sound judgement and a clean discipline record are what selection panels look at first.

  3. 3

    Get relevant qualifications

    Swimming and diving for water units; first aid; investigation and forensic qualifications for those streams.

  4. 4

    Build specialist fitness

    Strength under load and swimming matter for tactical and water roles.

  5. 5

    Talk to the unit

    Ask unit members about selection, rosters and what they look for. Express interest early.

It all starts with getting in. Read our guide to becoming a police officer and the fitness test guide.

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Enter your beep test level and push-ups to see which forces' recruit standards you already meet.

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What isn't published (and who can confirm it)

Specialist selection is internal, so much of it isn't public. Here's what we couldn't confirm.

Open questions about specialist units

NSW's minimum service and any Senior Constable requirement for units such as the Dog Unit

Who can confirm
NSW Police Force recruitment, or the Police Association of NSW

Selection standards for NSW's TOU, WA's TRG, SA's STAR Group and the NT's TRG

Who can confirm
Each force (selection details are internal)

Entry rules for water police, highway patrol and forensics outside Victoria and Tasmania

Who can confirm
Each force's recruiting team

How officers are selected for Joint Counter Terrorism Teams

Who can confirm
Not published by any force

Current rates for SA's STAR Group allowance after January 2024

Who can confirm
SAPOL or the Police Association of SA
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Frequently asked questions

How long before you can join a specialist police unit?

Usually two to three years of general duties after you graduate. Tasmania requires at least 2 years, Victoria 2 to 4 years depending on the unit, and Queensland 3 years. The AFP asks for 2 years as a police officer or protective service officer for tactical and canine roles. SA requires you to be permanently appointed first.

Can you join the police straight into a tactical unit?

No. Every tactical unit in Australia, from NSW's Tactical Operations Unit to the AFP's Specialist Response Group, recruits from serving officers. You'll need general duties experience, and in Victoria at least 2 years on the road, before you can attempt selection.

How do you become a police dog handler in Australia?

Join your force, complete general duties, then apply when the dog unit advertises. Victoria's Dog Squad and Tasmania's Dog Handlers Squad both require 2 years of general duties, and Tasmania says vacancies are highly competitive. The AFP's canine handler role needs 2 years as police or PSO. Dog handlers in Queensland and the NT receive a specific allowance.

What is the AFP tactical fitness test?

The AFP's Tactical Response Operator page lists: 3 chin-ups in a 17 kg vest, an 80 kg dummy drag over 80 m, three flights of stairs and a 30 m leopard crawl in full kit, 10 minutes treading water in clothes followed by a 400 m swim, and a 10 km pack march carrying 25 kg plus water and a rifle.

Do specialist police get paid more?

In many units, yes. NSW pays Tactical Operations Unit officers $7,928 to $19,820 a year extra, and Special Duties Allowances of $1,602 to $10,400 for roles such as highway patrol, crime scene and divers. Victoria's Disturbance Allowance 2 is $18,194, WA's TRG allowance is 10% of base salary, and Queensland pays SERT and dog handler allowances.

How do you join the water police?

After general duties, apply for a vacancy in your force's marine unit. Victoria's Water Police Squad needs 2 years of general duties, and its Search and Rescue Squad needs 2 years, a rank below Sergeant and a recreational diving certificate. Tasmania's Marine and Rescue Services needs 2 years. Other forces don't publish entry rules.

Do you need to be a detective to join a cyber crime unit?

Not always. Victoria's Cybercrime Squad is open to police and public service staff. In NSW, a Deputy Commissioner told Parliament in 2021 that almost all Cybercrime Squad investigators are designated detectives. Cyber units also employ civilian technical specialists in most forces.

How do police join a Joint Counter Terrorism Team?

No force publishes an entry process. JCTTs operate in every state and territory, combining AFP officers, state police and partner agencies such as ASIO. The AFP also runs a separate counter-terrorism graduate program for civilians.

Evidence

Sources and how we checked them

Every figure on this page comes from the sources below, read on 10 October 2026. Pay rates and rules change when new agreements are made, so check the source for the date you're reading this. Where we couldn't confirm something from an official source, the page says so instead of guessing. Spotted an error? Read our corrections policy.

  1. Victoria Police: Specialist areas
  2. Victoria Police: Police Life Experts podcast S2E5, inside the Special Operations Group (transcript)
  3. Tasmania Police Recruitment: Specialist positions
  4. QPS Recruiting: Specialised roles and areas — Search summary only.
  5. myPolice QLD museum: The best job in the world, part 2 (May 2023)
  6. Let's Join Forces (WA Police Force): Career possibilities
  7. AFP: Tactical Response Operator
  8. AFP: Canine Handler
  9. NSW Police Force: Dog Unit
  10. NSW Police Force: Marine Area Command
  11. Crown Employees (Police Officers - 2024) Award, NSW Industrial Gazette Vol 397, 9 May 2025, pp 1238-1334
  12. NSW Police Force recruitment: Specialist roles
  13. Victoria Police (Police Officers, PSOs, Police Reservists and Police Recruits) Enterprise Agreement 2025, [2025] FWCA 1135, AE528554
  14. Queensland Police Service Certified Agreement 2025 (QIRC CB/2025/116)
  15. Queensland Police Service: CPI Uplift Adjustment (CUA) FAQ and visual aids, Tranche 3 (official pay and allowance schedules)
  16. QPS Recruiting: Frequently asked questions (as summarised publicly)
  17. Western Australia Police Force Industrial Agreement 2024 (WAIRC, WES338)
  18. South Australia Police Enterprise Agreement 2021 (approved, SAET ET-21-00375; scanned PDF read by the scanned copy)
  19. SAPOL: International applicants - frequently asked questions
  20. Police Award No. 2 of 2026 (Consolidated), TIC T15311 of 2026 (read via Wayback Machine copy 2026-05-20)
  21. Northern Territory Police Force Consent Agreement 2022 (PAT-certified), NTPA copy
  22. NTPFES: Accelerated Recruitment Program
  23. Australian Federal Police Enterprise Agreement 2024-2027 (FWC AE526995, [2024] FWCA 4231)

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General information, not advice. This guide explains published rules and rates. It doesn't consider your personal circumstances and isn't financial, legal, tax or credit advice. Confirm anything you rely on with your force, your police association, the ATO or a licensed professional.